Python

Quick guide:    http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_quick_guide.htm

Learning Python:    HTML: https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/learning-python-5th/9781449355722
                            PDF: https://ps07grupe3.googlecode.com/files/Learning Python (3th Edition) - Ascher, Lutz (O'Reilly, 2008).pdf

Python Cookbook:    http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1230000000393/index.html

Multi-Line statements

total = item_one + \
item_two + \
item_three

Multi-Line statements inside [], {}, or () brackets

days = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday',
'Thursday', 'Friday']

Quotes

word = 'word'
sentence = "This is a sentence."
paragraph = """This is a paragraph. It is
made up of multiple lines and sentences."""

Multiple Statements on a Single Line

import sys; x = 'foo'; sys.stdout.write(x + '\n')

Assigning Values to Variables

counter = 100          # An integer assignment
miles   = 1000.0       # A floating point
name    = "John"       # A string
a = b = c = 1
a, b, c = 1, 2, "john"

Undefine variables

del var
del var_a, var_b

Strings

str = 'Hello World!'
print str          # Prints complete string
print str[0]       # Prints first character of the string
print str[2:5]     # Prints characters starting from 3rd to 5th
print str[2:]      # Prints string starting from 3rd character
print str * 2      # Prints string two times
print str + "TEST" # Prints concatenated string

Lists

list = [ 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 ]
tinylist = [123, 'john']
print list          # Prints complete list
print list[0]       # Prints first element of the list
print list[1:3]     # Prints elements starting from 2nd till 3rd
print list[2:]      # Prints elements starting from 3rd element
print tinylist * 2 # Prints list two times
print list + tinylist    # Prints concatenated lists

list[0] = 'xyz'
del list[0]
len(list[0])       # 3
3 in [1, 2, 3]       # True
[1, 2, 3] + [4, 5, 6]   # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
['Hi!'] * 4       # ['Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!']
list[-1]       # 70.2

list functions:       http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_lists.htm

Tuples (read-only lists)

tuple = ( 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 )
tinytuple = (123, 'john')
onetuple = (123,)
emptytuple = ()
print tuple              # Prints complete list
print tuple[0]           # Prints first element of the list
print tuple[1:3]         # Prints elements starting from 2nd till 3rd
print tuple[2:]          # Prints elements starting from 3rd element
print tinytuple * 2     # Prints list two times
print tuple + tinytuple # Prints concatenated lists

tuple functions:   http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_tuples.htm

Dictionary

dict = {}
dict['one'] = "This is one"
dict[2]     = "This is two"
tinydict = {'name': 'john','code':6734, 'dept': 'sales'}
print dict['one']       # Prints value for 'one' key
print dict[2]           # Prints value for 2 key
print tinydict          # Prints complete dictionary
print tinydict.keys()   # Prints all the keys
print tinydict.values() # Prints all the values

dictionary functions:   http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_dictionary.htm

Data Type Conversion

int(x [,base])   # Converts x to an integer. base specifies the base if x is a string.
long(x [,base])   # Converts x to a long integer. base specifies the base if x is a string.
float(x)            # Converts x to a floating-point number.
complex(real [,imag])   # Creates a complex number.
str(x)            # Converts object x to a string representation.
repr(x)            # Converts object x to an expression string.
eval(str)          # Evaluates a string and returns an object.
tuple(s)       # Converts s to a tuple.
list(s)           # Converts s to a list.
set(s)           # Converts s to a set.
dict(d)           # Creates a dictionary. d must be a sequence of (key,value) tuples.
frozenset(s)       # Converts s to a frozen set.
chr(x)           # Converts an integer to a character.
unichr(x)       # Converts an integer to a Unicode character.
ord(x)           # Converts a single character to its integer value.
hex(x)           # Converts an integer to a hexadecimal string.
oct(x)           # Converts an integer to an octal string.

membership operators (in, not in)

a = 10
b = 20
list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ];
if ( a in list ):
   print "Line 1 - a is available in the given list"
else:
   print "Line 1 - a is not available in the given list"

if ( b not in list ):
   print "Line 2 - b is not available in the given list"
else:
   print "Line 2 - b is available in the given list"

identity operators (is, is not)

operators precedence

**        # Exponentiation (raise to the power)
~ + -        # Ccomplement, unary plus and minus (method names for the last two are +@ and -@)
* / % //    # Multiply, divide, modulo and floor division
+ -        # Addition and subtraction
>> <<        # Right and left bitwise shift
&        # Bitwise 'AND'
^ |        # Bitwise exclusive `OR' and regular `OR'
<= < > >=    # Comparison operators
<> == !=    # Equality operators
= %= /= //= -= += *= **=    # Assignment operators
is is not    # Identity operators
in not in    # Membership operators
not or and    # Logical operators

if statements

if cond:
   ....
elif cond2:
   ....
else:
   ....

if cond: ....

while-loops

while cond: ....

while cond:
   ....

while cond:
   ....
else
   .... # post-loop block

for-loops

for num in range(10,20):    ....

for letter in 'Python':
   print 'Current Letter :', letter

fruits = ['banana', 'apple', 'mango']
for fruit in fruits:
   print 'Current fruit :', fruit

fruits = ['banana', 'apple', 'mango']
for index in range(len(fruits)):
   print 'Current fruit :', fruits[index]

(also can have "else" post-loop clause)

loop control

break
continue
pass # no-op statement

math functions: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_numbers.htm
escape characters: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_strings.htm

substrings

var1 = 'Hello World!'
var2 = "Python Programming"
print var1[0], var2[1:5]

strings: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_strings.htm

exceptions

try:
   ....
except Exception1:
   ....
except Exception2:
   ....
except (Exception3,Exception4,Exception5):
   ....
else:
   ....       # if there is no exception
finally:
   ....       # always executed

exception classes: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_exceptions.htm

raise [ex [, args [, traceback]]]   # "ex" can be string, class or object

functions:

x = 1
def printme(str):
   "This prints a passed string into this function"
   global x
   x = x + 1
   print str
   return str + str

basic-type parameters are passed by values, incl. object handles
however objects are therefore passed by reference

printme("abc")
printme(str="abc")

varagrs:         http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_functions.htm
scopes of variables:    http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_functions.htm

sum = lambda arg1, arg2: arg1 + arg2;